How does Davies use literary references to enhance the narrative?

Robertson Davies effectively uses literary references throughout "Fifth Business" to deepen thematic content and emphasize cultural contexts. By integrating various literary works and references, he creates layers of meaning that enrich the narrative and provide insight into the characters’ motivations and the broader themes of the novel.

For instance, references to mythology, religious texts, and classical literature allow the reader to draw parallels between the characters’ experiences and broader human themes such as guilt, redemption, and the search for identity. This intertextual approach not only highlights the characters' struggles but also situates their personal journeys within a larger cultural and historical framework. The literary allusions serve as a tool for both reflection and irony, elevating the narrative beyond a mere personal story to one that touches on universal themes and human conditions.

The other options do not accurately capture the role of literary references in the narrative. The references do not distract from the plot; rather, they enhance it by providing depth. Similarly, while some might argue that they complicate the narrative, the complexity they add is purposeful and serves to enrich the readers' understanding of the characters and themes, rather than complicating the story for its own sake. Furthermore, the allusions are not limited to classical literature but span a wide